59-17 Junction Boulevard, developed by LeFrak Commercial, highlights the crucial intersection between decarbonization and resiliency. The 454,645 square foot, 20-story commercial property located in Queens, NY was built in 1970 and features an inefficient 2-pipe heating and cooling system that has reached the end of its useful life, due in part to damage sustained by Hurricane Ida.
As part of their participation in the Empire Building Challenge, LeFrak will complete a significant decarbonization project valued at $19.7 million, resulting in the overall reduction of onsite fossil fuels by 2035. The measures aim to electrify and recover heat of thermal loads at the property, immediately reducing site energy use by over 33% from a 2021 baseline.
LeFrak is a preeminent, family-owned property company that owns and manages an extensive portfolio of real property concentrated in the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area, as well as South Florida, Los Angeles, and throughout the West Coast.
Project Highlights
Investment
25.1 million
Total project investment to install retrofits enabling electrification and heat recovery of thermal loads at the property and reduce site energy use intensity by 33%.
Lessons Learned
Replacing fuel-fired absorption chillers with modular heat pump electric chillers enhances heating and cooling capabilities.
Testimonial
“LeFrak is proud to work in partnership with NYSERDA and the Empire Building Challenge to advance the real estate industry’s ability to decarbonize high-rise buildings. We recognize the importance of leading the path to carbon neutrality and are committed to working together to rethink our building environment.”
John Fitzsimmons Senior Director, Head of Commercial Property Management
LeFrak Commercial
Lessons Learned
Installation of heat exchangers and critical re-piping enables the core and perimeter of the building to operate independently and provides heat recovery.
Step 1
Step 1: Examine Current Conditions
A baseline assessment is key to understanding current systems and performance, then identifying conditions, requirements or events that will trigger a decarbonization effort. The assessment looks across technical systems, asset strategy and sectoral factors.
Building System Conditions
Equipment nearing end-of-life
Damage from events
Resilience upgrades
Efficiency improvements
Asset Conditions
Market Conditions
The plan for decarbonization was developed with short- and long-term needs in mind and was prompted by heating and cooling equipment that has reached the end of its useful life, due in part to damage sustained by Hurricane Ida. This project highlights the intersection between decarbonization and resiliency, in which necessary upgrades can be leveraged to integrate low-carbon solutions and safeguard critical building systems from future climate impacts. The immediate capital work, slated for 2024-2025, has been structured to facilitate the elimination of on-site fossil fuel consumption by the end of the 2035 decarbonization period, with careful consideration given to constructability, importance of tenant disruption, and financial implications.
Step 2
Step 2: Design Resource Efficient Solutions
Effective engineering integrates measures for reducing energy load, recovering wasted heat, and moving towards partial or full electrification. This increases operational efficiencies, optimizes energy peaks, and avoids oversized heating systems, thus alleviating space constraints and minimizing the cost of retrofits to decarbonize the building over time.
Existing Conditions
This diagram illustrates the building prior to the initiation of Strategic Decarbonization planning by the owners and their teams.
Click through the measures under “Building After” to understand the components of the building’s energy transition.
Sequence of Measures
2024
Building System Affected
heating
cooling
ventilation
Reduce Energy Load
Building Management System (BMS): Install new BMS for better integrated control of HVAC equipment and lower distribution temperature.
Recover Wasted Heat
The existing, inefficient 2-pipe system, which only allows the building to be in heating or cooling mode, will be re-piped to create two separate hydronic zones. This will allow the newly independent loops of the building to exchange rejected heat from the core to the perimeter zone as needed. This piping work will incorporate heat exchangers to possibly connect with adjacent buildings also owned by LeFrak that are mostly residential and create a community thermal network to share loads.
Enabling Heat Recovery: New piping work to separate core and perimeter hydronic systems and operate them independently. Install heat exchangers to facilitate heat recovery between core and perimeter using electric modular heat pump chillers.
Heat Recovery Ventilation: Install Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERV) to recapture wasted heat and pre-condition fresh air.
Partial Electrification
Beginning in 2024, the existing fossil fuel driven plant will be decommissioned, and a new plant that enables decarbonization will be installed, including modular electric heat pump chillers with cooling and future heating capabilities.
Electric Heat Pump Chillers: Replace existing fuel fired steam absorption chillers with electric modular heat pump chillers that can provide heat recovery via dedicated heat exchangers.
Thermal Network Connection: Install heat exchangers and auxiliary connection to allow a future connection to a campus wide thermal energy network.
Step 3
Step 3: Build the Business Case
Making a business case for strategic decarbonization requires thinking beyond a traditional energy audit approach or simple payback analysis. It assesses business-as-usual costs and risks against the costs and added value of phased decarbonization investments in the long-term.
Decarbonization Costs
$25.1M
Capital costs of Empire Building Challenge funded decarbonization measures: 9.7M.
Capital costs of other renovation work: 15.4M.
Business-as-Usual Costs
$10.7M + $85k / YR
Energy cost savings: 8.5k / YR.
BAU cost of system replacement/upgrades (replacement in kind (non-electric chiller, estimated): 10.7M.
Business-as-Usual Risks
$238k / YR
Avoided LL97 fines starting in 2030.
Decarbonization Value
$3.5M
Empire Building Challenge Incentives: 3M.
Other incentives: 500k.
Net Present Value
$6.5M
Net difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over a period of time.
The building had an immediate capital expenditure at the start of the project, through the need to replace the existing central heating and cooling plant. The initial scope of work for the plant replacement was installing magnetic bearing drive, centrifugal chillers to avoid costly future LL97 fines projected with their current fossil fuel driven equipment. While this would have alleviated a majority of future LL97 fines, it did not address any of the enabling steps required for future heat recovery which are necessary to support longer term decarbonization goals. The enabling steps are critical as the building explores options for further fossil fuel reduction beyond 2030, such as integration with external thermal networks.
Strategic Decarbonization Action Plan
An emissions decarbonization roadmap helps building owners visualize their future emissions reductions by outlining the CO2 reductions from selected energy conservation measures. This roadmap is designed with a phased approach, considering a 20- or 30-year timeline, and incorporates the evolving benefits of grid decarbonization, ensuring a comprehensive view of long-term environmental impact.
Due to external project requirements, this project had a particularly compressed implementation timeline compared to other decarbonization projects. The team evaluated various replacement options over the existing systems to reduce carbon emissions: at the end of the EBC Technical Assistance Phase, ownership reviewed the financial and technical analyses of the decarbonization roadmap options, ultimately deciding to electrify the cooling plant and enable heat recovery from the core zone to the perimeter zone. The central plant work meets the building’s immediate needs, while increasing the resilience of the central plant and allowing for future flexibility and decarbonization efforts.
On-site work to upgrade the central plants has already begun and will continue into 2025. This work includes:
Replacing damaged steam chillers with electric modular chillers.
Installing a new BMS system to allow better, integrated control of HVAC systems.
Redesigned central plant with additional heat exchangers and improved piping layout to separate core and perimeter hydronic systems and operate them independently, enabling heat recovery between core and perimeter using electric modular chillers.
Auxiliary piping and heat exchanger allowing a future connection to a campus wide thermal energy network.
Expanded electrical capacity and backup generation for resiliency. The measure will allow additional, layered heat generation needed to meet peak heating loads.
A baseline assessment is key to understanding current systems and performance, then identifying conditions, requirements or events that will trigger a decarbonization effort. The assessment looks across technical systems, asset strategy and sectoral factors.
Building System Conditions
Asset Conditions
Market Conditions
Step 2
Step 2: Design Resource Efficient Solutions
Effective engineering integrates measures for reducing energy load, recovering wasted heat, and moving towards partial or full electrification. This increases operational efficiencies, optimizes energy peaks, and avoids oversized heating systems, thus alleviating space constraints and minimizing the cost of retrofits to decarbonize the building over time.
Step 3
Step 3: Build the Business Case
Making a business case for strategic decarbonization requires thinking beyond a traditional energy audit approach or simple payback analysis. It assesses business-as-usual costs and risks against the costs and added value of phased decarbonization investments in the long-term.
Decarbonization Costs
Business-as-Usual Costs
Business-as-Usual Risks
Decarbonization Value
Net Present Value
Strategic Decarbonization Action Plan
An emissions decarbonization roadmap helps building owners visualize their future emissions reductions by outlining the CO2 reductions from selected energy conservation measures. This roadmap is designed with a phased approach, considering a 20- or 30-year timeline, and incorporates the evolving benefits of grid decarbonization, ensuring a comprehensive view of long-term environmental impact.
Project Team
Additional Resources
Tags
The Empire Technology Prize is a $10 million competitive opportunity for global solution providers focused on advancing building technologies for low-carbon heating system retrofits in tall commercial and multifamily buildings across New York State. This NYSERDA initiative, administered by The Clean Fight with technical support from Rocky Mountain Institute, includes a $3 million sponsorship from Wells Fargo. Accelerating low-carbon building retrofits is fundamental to New York State’s national-leading Climate Act agenda, including the goal to achieve an 85% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
A baseline assessment is key to understanding current systems and performance, then identifying conditions, requirements or events that will trigger a decarbonization effort. The assessment looks across technical systems, asset strategy and sectoral factors.
Building System Conditions
Asset Conditions
Market Conditions
Step 2
Step 2: Design Resource Efficient Solutions
Effective engineering integrates measures for reducing energy load, recovering wasted heat, and moving towards partial or full electrification. This increases operational efficiencies, optimizes energy peaks, and avoids oversized heating systems, thus alleviating space constraints and minimizing the cost of retrofits to decarbonize the building over time.
Step 3
Step 3: Build the Business Case
Making a business case for strategic decarbonization requires thinking beyond a traditional energy audit approach or simple payback analysis. It assesses business-as-usual costs and risks against the costs and added value of phased decarbonization investments in the long-term.
Decarbonization Costs
Business-as-Usual Costs
Business-as-Usual Risks
Decarbonization Value
Net Present Value
Strategic Decarbonization Action Plan
An emissions decarbonization roadmap helps building owners visualize their future emissions reductions by outlining the CO2 reductions from selected energy conservation measures. This roadmap is designed with a phased approach, considering a 20- or 30-year timeline, and incorporates the evolving benefits of grid decarbonization, ensuring a comprehensive view of long-term environmental impact.
Project Team
Additional Resources
Tags
Insights from Empire Building Challenge
Prioritizing Decarbonization Interventions
While each individual building has a unique capital improvement plan and timeline, retrofit projects or decarbonization interventions may be organized and grouped by similarity as property owners plan for the future. Below is the overarching hierarchy for decarbonization intervention points according to industry best practices:
Facade Upgrades
Windows Upgrades
Ventilation Upgrades with Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERV)
Maximize the reduction of distribution temperatures
Maximize surface area of terminal units
Supplement 90% of peak load with hybrid electrification strategies
Eliminate peak load “last-mile” with innovative strategies in storage and/or thermal demand response
Delay replacement of gas-fired equipment with new gas-fired equipment as long as possible. Rebuild and maintain existing equipment until replacement.
Replace all remaining non-LED lighting and include lighting controls at the time of retrofit
Seal rooftop bulkhead doors and windows.
Add smoke-activated fire dampers or annealed glass to the elevator shaft vent grill in the elevator machine room.
Install algorithmic controls on top of the existing boiler control system.
Balance steam distribution systems:
Identify condensate return leaks.
Right-size air vents and master vents.
Ensure all radiators are properly draining condensate.
Ensure all steam traps are functioning properly.
Implement Radiator Efficiency and Controls Measures:
Install thermostatic radiator valves (TRV) where possible.
Install RadiatorLabs radiator cover systems where possible (integrate with algorithmic boiler control).
Balance air supply and ventilation systems using proper air registers, louvers, dampers, and technology like Constant Airflow Regulator (CAR) dampers:
Need innovative methods of balancing temperature across commercial office floors (heat shifting and sharing from one building exposure to another, e.g. north vs. south).
Balance air supply and return across vertical pressure gradients.
Seal vent stack perforations/leaks (e.g. mastic sealer).
Increase efficiency of pumps and motors:
Add VFD controllers to all pumps and motors.
Replace rooftop exhaust fans (e.g. mushroom fans or similar) with electronic commutated motors.
Implement algorithmic controls on top of existing Building Management Systems (BMS) in commercial office buildings.
Hybrid Domestic Hot Water (DHW) Plants: Add DHW heat pump equipment to an existing gas fired DHW plant.
Consider the option to direct bathroom exhaust air to DHW heat pump equipment.
Install Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) system.
Install rooftop solar.
Procure New York State-sourced renewable power.
Procure biomethane from utility via pilot program.
Procure renewable hydrogen blend from utility via pilot program.
Develop innovative means of participating in gas demand response:
Delay boiler firing with controls or other means.
Procure biodiesel blend for fuel switching requirement.
Thermal storage and hybrid plants (electrification)
DHW electrification (partial or full load)
Split system or PTAC partial load heating electrification
Add central-control compatible thermostats to apartments and office suites to control decentralized heating and cooling systems.
Enable aggregate demand response activity.
Fully electrify DHW systems:
Air source DHW heat pump.
Resistance DHW.
High-efficiency thermal storage.
Supplement with solar thermal where compatible.
Overlaid or insulated masonry facades with high ongoing Local Law 11 cost.
Eliminate uninsulated radiator cabinets/niches in exterior walls.
Install wall-mounted slim radiators with TRV or other controls.
Install RadiatorLabs technology.
Begin routine window replacement plan with high-performance windows.
Support cogeneration systems with biomethane (injection) procurement.
Explore hydrogen (injection) procurement to support cogeneration and centralized heating plants.
Develop on-site battery storage systems to manage building load profiles and reduce peak usage.
Integrate with an existing on-site generation where compatible.
Increase thermal mass/thermal inertia and expand thermal storage capacity using Phase Change Material (PCM) products. Products currently include: ceiling tiles, wall panels, AHU inserts, thermal storage tank inserts:
Embrace overnight free cooling.
Shift loads associated with thermal demand.
Capture and store waste heat.
Implement centralized or in-building distributed thermal storage systems to shift thermal loads to off-peak periods.
Convert low-temperature heating distribution systems to shared loop systems or geothermal systems; building distribution is already optimized for low-temperature distribution: water source heat pumps, large surface area terminal units (radiant panels, underfloor heat, fan coils, etc.)
Interconnect with early shared loop system phases (private or utility-led).
Eliminate cooling tower as a primary cooling system (may remain as a backup as feasible).
Where necessary, convert high-temperature heating distribution systems to low-temperature distribution systems; systems converted from fin tube to radiant panels, fan coils, or water source heat pumps as feasible.
The supplement heat source for hydronic heat pumps with solar thermal technology (water source heat pumps).
Embrace consumer products that reduce building loads and peak demand:
Appliances with onboard battery storage.
Networked smart appliances.
Power over Ethernet (PoE) DC-powered, low voltage products.
DC power distribution networks make use of on-site renewable energy and energy storage.
Advanced DC[1] and AC/DC hybrid Power Distribution Systems[2]
Install HVAC Load Reduction Technology:
Capture VOCs and CO2 in liquid sorbent.
Engage with the liquid sorbent management company to safely dispose of scrubbed gases (carbon sequestration, etc.).
Use buildings hosts for negative carbon technology and focusing on direct air capture to achieve larger decarbonization goals (carbon capture and sequestration)
Electric Distribution Upgrade Needed:
Begin replacement of centralized heating systems with decentralized heating and cooling systems where appropriate. Technology includes: PTAC, VTAC, ducted PTAC, VRF, and similar technology.
Replace stoves, ranges, and cooktops with electric equipment: resistance, convection, or induction.
Integrate Building Distribution with an advanced electric vehicle (EV) charging network to provide power to parked EVs and to extract power at peak periods (EV owners opt-in for reduced parking rates, other benefits, etc.).
Install multi-function glass during window or facade replacement:
Install building-integrated PV during facade retrofits.
PV glass.
Electrochromic glass.
Vacuum Insulated glass.
Install highly insulated panels at spandrels:
Vacuum insulated panels.
Aerogel insulated panels.
Replace cooling towers with advanced heat rejection technology:
Passive radiative cooling technology.
Interconnect with 100% hydrogen distribution network.
Pair advanced, on-site battery storage systems with hydrogen fuel cells.
Recapitalization to achieve carbon neutral affordable housing
Tags
Located in Yonkers, NY, Whitney Young Manor, is a notable affordable housing complex with 195 apartments across 234,000 square feet and 12 stories. Built in 1974, the housing complex is now undergoing a $22 million makeover focusing heavily on decarbonization upgrades. This renovation aims to modernize the buildings by improving insulation and introducing a new heating and cooling system that’s energy efficient. These changes are expected to lower the buildings’ carbon footprint, enhance living conditions, and reduce energy costs. The developer, Paths Development LLC, is leveraging the recapitalization cycle of the property to upgrade its infrastructure and include decarbonization measures to meet its climate goals.
Project Highlights
Investment
12 million
of total investment allocated to bring Whitney Young Manor to carbon neutrality by 2035.
Project Scale
Project has potential replication across a portfolio of 51 existing affordable housing developments managed by Paths.
Testimonial
“The Empire Building Challenge is enabling Paths to pilot innovative approaches to decarbonization while at the same time helping to preserve affordable housing.”
Kenneth Spillberg
Head of Development
Paths Development LLC
Emissions Reductions
This project prioritizes intensive load reduction through envelope improvements and hydronic distribution to improve resident comfort while reducing carbon emissions, utility spend and maintenance costs.
Step 1
Step 1: Examine Current Conditions
A baseline assessment is key to understanding current systems and performance, then identifying conditions, requirements or events that will trigger a decarbonization effort. The assessment looks across technical systems, asset strategy and sectoral factors.
Building System Conditions
Equipment nearing end-of-life
New heat source potential
Comfort improvements
Indoor air quality improvements
Facade maintenance
Resilience upgrades
Efficiency improvements
Asset Conditions
Recapitalization
Carbon emissions limits
Owner sustainability goals
Market Conditions
Technology improves
Utility prices change
Fuels phase out
Whitney Young Manor is an aging affordable housing complex with open balconies, inefficient electric resistance baseboard heating, electric wall sleeve AC units, and gas-fired domestic hot water heaters.
The project team believes that with care, planning, and the appropriate resources, retrofitting these residential buildings can better serve tenants, deliver environmental benefits, and prove financially feasible for owners. Paths leverages the recapitalization cycle of the property to upgrade its infrastructure and include decarbonization measures to meet its climate goals.
This project prioritizes intensive load reduction through envelope improvements and hydronic distribution to improve resident comfort while reducing carbon emissions, utility spending, and maintenance costs.
Step 2
Step 2: Design Resource Efficient Solutions
Effective engineering integrates measures for reducing energy load, recovering wasted heat, and moving towards partial or full electrification. This increases operational efficiencies, optimizes energy peaks, and avoids oversized heating systems, thus alleviating space constraints and minimizing the cost of retrofits to decarbonize the building over time.
Existing Conditions
This diagram illustrates the building prior to the initiation of Strategic Decarbonization planning by the owners and their teams.
Click through the measures under “Building After” to understand the components of the building’s energy transition.
Sequence of Measures
2024
2025
Building System Affected
heating
cooling
ventilation
Reduce Energy Load
Whitney Young Manor demonstrates the benefits of over- cladding and hydronic distribution to enable heat pump technology:
New hydronic distribution: High efficiency water-based distribution system, lower supply temperature
The new hydronic distribution piping will enable the integration of different heating sources and allow heat sharing between end uses, such as DHW production during cooling season. The construction team plans to pilot cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) piping to reduce cost and improve durability.
Dedicated Outside Air System (DOAS): decouple ventilation from heat and cooling systems
Envelope Improvements: overclad, roof insulation and window replacement
Over-cladding using Exterior Insulation and Finishing System (EIFS) helps reduce heat loss and air infiltration while avoiding façade maintenance costs associated with LL11. This measure is combined with the new Dedicated Outside Air System (DOAS) to make sure adequate fresh air is injected into the building.
Recover Wasted Heat
The project team plans to integrate different heat sources connected to the central hydronic piping. This includes centralized air source heat pumps, Wastewater Energy Transfer (WET) system and gas-fired condensing boilers as back-up.
Wastewater Heat Recovery: Recapture heat from wastewater using WSHP
Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV): Recapture heat from ventilation exhaust to condition make-up air
Electrification
Central Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP): Maintain design temperatures for the hydronic loop
Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) for Domestic Hot Water (DHW): DHW production supplied by hydronic loop
Back-up gas condensing boiler: Provide supplemental heat during cold events as resiliency
Step 3
Step 3: Build the Business Case
Making a business case for strategic decarbonization requires thinking beyond a traditional energy audit approach or simple payback analysis. It assesses business-as-usual costs and risks against the costs and added value of phased decarbonization investments in the long-term.
Decarbonization Costs
$12M
Capital costs of decarbonization measures.
Business-as-Usual Costs
$1.92M
Energy cost savings, repairs and maintenance savings, BAU cost of system replacement and upgrades.
Business-as-Usual Risks
N/A
LL97 emissions fines don’t apply at this property.
Decarbonization Value
$6.14M
Incentives from Empire Building Challenge, Low-Carbon Pathways Program, and ConEd Clean Heat.
Net Present Value
TBD
Net difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over a period of time.
Paths Development LLC is a division of Paths, a full-scale, vertically integrated affordable housing developer, builder, and operator. Since 2004, the Paths team has created and preserved high-quality affordable housing across the U.S. that enhances communities and helps residents build better lives. With other 12,000 units across 9 states under management and more than 300 employees, Paths manages a suite of capabilities spanning the entire property life-cycle, including: development, construction, property management, maintenance, and security.
Strategic Decarbonization Action Plan
An emissions decarbonization roadmap helps building owners visualize their future emissions reductions by outlining the CO2 reductions from selected energy conservation measures. This roadmap is designed with a phased approach, considering a 20- or 30-year timeline, and incorporates the evolving benefits of grid decarbonization, ensuring a comprehensive view of long-term environmental impact.
Advanced Building Construction Collaborative Case Studies
Tags
Project Highlights
Step 1
Step 1: Examine Current Conditions
A baseline assessment is key to understanding current systems and performance, then identifying conditions, requirements or events that will trigger a decarbonization effort. The assessment looks across technical systems, asset strategy and sectoral factors.
Building System Conditions
Asset Conditions
Market Conditions
Step 2
Step 2: Design Resource Efficient Solutions
Effective engineering integrates measures for reducing energy load, recovering wasted heat, and moving towards partial or full electrification. This increases operational efficiencies, optimizes energy peaks, and avoids oversized heating systems, thus alleviating space constraints and minimizing the cost of retrofits to decarbonize the building over time.
Step 3
Step 3: Build the Business Case
Making a business case for strategic decarbonization requires thinking beyond a traditional energy audit approach or simple payback analysis. It assesses business-as-usual costs and risks against the costs and added value of phased decarbonization investments in the long-term.
Decarbonization Costs
Business-as-Usual Costs
Business-as-Usual Risks
Decarbonization Value
Net Present Value
Strategic Decarbonization Action Plan
An emissions decarbonization roadmap helps building owners visualize their future emissions reductions by outlining the CO2 reductions from selected energy conservation measures. This roadmap is designed with a phased approach, considering a 20- or 30-year timeline, and incorporates the evolving benefits of grid decarbonization, ensuring a comprehensive view of long-term environmental impact.
Project Team
Additional Resources
Tags
These case studies cover projects that will dramatically reduce carbon emissions with deep energy retrofits for affordable multifamily housing in the Boston area. Deep energy retrofits dramatically reduce carbon emissions. These renovations transform affordable housing to be highly energy efficient, all-electric, powered by clean renewable energy, and renovated with materials low in embodied carbon. These projects are part of the Advanced Building Construction Collaborative’s demand aggregation. This work aims to demonstrate streamlined deep energy retrofits and retrofits using advanced building construction techniques to accelerate the adoption of this work in the market.
A baseline assessment is key to understanding current systems and performance, then identifying conditions, requirements or events that will trigger a decarbonization effort. The assessment looks across technical systems, asset strategy and sectoral factors.
Building System Conditions
Asset Conditions
Market Conditions
Step 2
Step 2: Design Resource Efficient Solutions
Effective engineering integrates measures for reducing energy load, recovering wasted heat, and moving towards partial or full electrification. This increases operational efficiencies, optimizes energy peaks, and avoids oversized heating systems, thus alleviating space constraints and minimizing the cost of retrofits to decarbonize the building over time.
Step 3
Step 3: Build the Business Case
Making a business case for strategic decarbonization requires thinking beyond a traditional energy audit approach or simple payback analysis. It assesses business-as-usual costs and risks against the costs and added value of phased decarbonization investments in the long-term.
Decarbonization Costs
Business-as-Usual Costs
Business-as-Usual Risks
Decarbonization Value
Net Present Value
Strategic Decarbonization Action Plan
An emissions decarbonization roadmap helps building owners visualize their future emissions reductions by outlining the CO2 reductions from selected energy conservation measures. This roadmap is designed with a phased approach, considering a 20- or 30-year timeline, and incorporates the evolving benefits of grid decarbonization, ensuring a comprehensive view of long-term environmental impact.
Project Team
Additional Resources
Tags
The Empire Technology Prize team has produced the New York State Market Insight and Characterization report, which explores the technical challenges posed by achieving efficient decarbonization of heating systems and explores alternatives in two focus areas: high temperature heat pumps, and minimally disruptive distribution system solutions.
